How Do Some Batteries Recharge themselves?

With the spectacular spike in portable info-media devices such as laptops, cell phones, MP3 players and cordless power tools, the need for NiCad rechargeable batteries has grown substantially in last few years. The concept of the rechargeable battery has been around since 1859, when Frenchman Gaston Plante invented the lead acid cell, which would later become the world's first ever rechargeable battery. That same chemistry is still used in today's car battery.
The basic premise behind the rechargeable battery is simple: when electrical energy is applied to the battery, the electron flow from negative to positive that occurs during discharge is reversed and power is restored. This requires an adapter in the case of devices with built-in batteries or for standard nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride batteries, the most common multiple use rechargeable batteries used today in your remote control, flashlight or cordless phone.
Car batteries are one of the oldest kinds of rechargeable batteries and in fact, the electric car predates its gas-powered cousin. In a standard car, there is a single lead-acid SLI battery that supplies power to the starter, lights and ignition system. The battery charger in this case is the alternator, a clever device that converts gasoline power to electrical energy and distributes it where needed. In electric and hybrid cars, traction batteries are used to power the vehicle down the road. Traction batteries come in many varieties, from lead acid, to nickel-cadmium, nickel metal hydride and lithium ion.
The recharging rate has improved substantially over the years and can take between 1 and 15 hours.

The speed and effectiveness of the charge depends largely on the quality of the charger itself. Chargers vary in performance based on the price tag and like most products you get what you pay for. Chargers are generally designed for specific cell chemistries, although newer universal chargers have sensors built in that identify the cell type and react appropriately. There are also smart chargers that use a microprocessor to monitor temperature, voltage and state of charge, which is the percentage of power available compared to its full capacity.

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